Pakistani naval-balance framing

Pakistan's paper of record covers its own counter — the China-built Hangor-class AIP submarines arriving at Karachi — framing a sea-denial posture across the Arabian Sea that India's ASW push (Agray) is meant to answer; underscores the two-front maritime equation.

“The Hangor-class submarines will deter aggression and secure vital sea lines of communication across the Arabian Sea and wider Indian Ocean.”