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    <title>rbtfl — Sovereign Debt</title>
    <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/track/sovereign-debt</link>
    <description>Defaults, the IMF queue and who is quietly going broke.</description>
    <item>
      <title>Nigeria's President Tinubu pledges to list NNPC on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as part of capital market reforms</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/nigeria-nnpc-listing-0807</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/nigeria-nnpc-listing-0807</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 08 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Nigeria's President Bola Tinubu announced on August 7 that the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited will be listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) as part of a plan to use the capital market to finance a one-trillion-US-dollar economy, framing the NNPC IPO as the centerpiece of a broader reform push [developing]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Argentina's 2026 growth forecasts trimmed by analysts as Milei claims economic peak; World Bank projects 3.6% expansion</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-economy-milei-forecast-0805</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-economy-milei-forecast-0805</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A FocusEconomics survey of more than 40 banks and consultancies published on August 5 showed trimmed Argentine growth projections for the rest of 2026, as opposition press reported Q1 momentum stalling; the World Bank separately projected 3.6% growth for Argentina in 2026, while President Javier Milei said wages and consumption were at historic highs [active]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>OPEC+ agrees sixth straight 188,000 bpd oil output hike for September, then pauses increases for three months</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/opec-sep-output-0802</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/opec-sep-output-0802</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The OPEC+ producer alliance agreed on August 2 to add another 188,000 barrels per day in September, completing the rollback of the voluntary cuts it imposed in 2023; the group then plans a three-month halt to further increases, pending a capacity review; war-related export disruptions in Iran and Ukraine have blunted each hike's market impact this year [active]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Argentina's Milei announces central bank charter reform banning BCRA from financing the government</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-milei-bcra-0730</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-milei-bcra-0730</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Argentine President Javier Milei announced on July 30 a reform to the Banco Central de la República Argentina's organic charter that bans the BCRA from financing the government and directs the institution to focus solely on maintaining the value of the currency; the bill is to be sent to Congress; the announcement was made in a national address [active]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Japan PM Takaichi's collapsing poll numbers worsen her fight with bond and yen markets, analysts warn of doom loop</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/japan-takaichi-bond-loop-0729</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/japan-takaichi-bond-loop-0729</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A Reuters analysis published July 29 describes a self-reinforcing trap for Japan PM Sanae Takaichi: her losing battle in the polls makes it politically impossible to abandon promised tax cuts, and that same tax-cut commitment denies her officials the political cover needed to talk down bond and yen market bears; the analysis calls this a political doom loop [worsening]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Argentina's Milei government is forced into new spending cuts as tax revenues fall, even as the country earns its third credit upgrade in three months</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-imf-0727</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-imf-0727</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The Washington Post noted on July 27 that Argentina earned its third credit rating upgrade in three months, while Bloomberg reported that IMF chief Kristalina Georgieva visited Buenos Aires as Argentina's US$57 billion repayment bill comes due; separately, reporting shows the Milei government is deepening spending cuts to maintain its primary surplus target as a recession reduces tax collection [active]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Pakistan's government raises petrol to Rs331.52 per litre and diesel to Rs378.66 effective July 24, as cumulative July increase tops Rs32</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/pakistan-fuel-surge-0724</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/pakistan-fuel-surge-0724</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Pakistan's federal government announced another fuel price hike on the night of July 23, taking petrol to Rs331.52 per litre and high-speed diesel to Rs378.66 per litre effective July 24, bringing the cumulative increase for the month of July to more than Rs32 per litre as global crude prices rise on Hormuz tensions [active]</description>
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      <title>World Bank estimates Venezuela's June 2026 twin earthquakes caused US$19.6 billion in damage, 18% of GDP; rebuilding could cost US$50 billion</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-earthquake-worldbank-0723</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-earthquake-worldbank-0723</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A World Bank damage assessment released on July 23, 2026 found Venezuela's June 2026 twin earthquakes caused US$19.6 billion in physical damage to buildings and infrastructure, equivalent to 18% of gross domestic product; 47% of damage hit residential buildings; rebuilding could cost up to US$50 billion; the Norwegian Refugee Council reported only 39% of the humanitarian response is funded one month after the disaster [worsening]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Argentina's consumer confidence falls 4.8% in July as oil-driven market turmoil lifts country risk above 400 points</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-consumer-confidence-jul2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-consumer-confidence-jul2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Argentina's University Torcuato Di Tella consumer confidence index fell 4.8% in July 2026, snapping three months of consecutive gains; future expectations dropped 7.2% against June; the Merval fell 1.78% on July 24 as Iran-war oil turbulence drove country risk above 400 points, the peso sliding to 1,489 per US dollar [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bolivia's President Paz Pereira projects an IMF financing deal worth up to US$5 billion, pledging 'clear economic signals' for investors</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bolivia-imf-deal-0721</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bolivia-imf-deal-0721</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Rodrigo Paz Pereira, Bolivia's president since the June 2026 election, announced on July 21 that his government is negotiating a package of external credits of up to US$5 billion with the IMF at its centre, and promised clear economic signals on investment and production in the coming days as Bolivia recovers from a dollar-shortage crisis [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Uzbekistan raises 2026 GDP growth forecast to 8.1% after economy expands 8.5% in H1; president sets 9-10% as target for living-standard improvements</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/uzbekistan-gdp-growth-0722</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/uzbekistan-gdp-growth-0722</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Uzbekistan's Ministry of Economy and Finance raised its 2026 full-year growth forecast from 6.6% to 8.1% on July 22, after the presidential press office reported 8.5% year-on-year GDP expansion in the first half of the year; President Shavkat Mirziyoyev told officials that growth must reach 9-10% annually to meaningfully improve living standards for the country's 40 million people [active]</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Nigeria's central bank holds its benchmark rate at 26.5% for a second straight meeting, citing Iran-war inflation risks and global uncertainty</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/nigeria-cbn-rate-jul21</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/nigeria-cbn-rate-jul21</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The Central Bank of Nigeria's Monetary Policy Committee voted on July 21 to keep the Monetary Policy Rate at 26.5%, the same level set at its May meeting, as the Iran conflict and global trade disruption pushed the MPC toward caution [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Romania's Bolojan pushes salary restructuring law to parliament despite street protests, Brussels demands compensatory measures</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/romania-bolojan-salary-0721</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/romania-bolojan-salary-0721</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Romania's caretaker Prime Minister Ilie Bolojan announced on July 21 he would submit a public-sector salary restructuring law to parliament next week despite ongoing street protests; the new pay grid freezes salaries of higher-paid public workers until lower-paid colleagues catch up; Brussels is demanding 12.1 billion lei in compensatory measures to offset the fiscal cost [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bangladesh's GDP growth falls to 2.22% in January-March 2026, lowest in four quarters, as industrial output contracts</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bangladesh-gdp-q3-fy26</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bangladesh-gdp-q3-fy26</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Bangladesh's economy grew by just 2.22% in the third quarter of FY2025-26 (January to March 2026), down from 4.53% in the same period a year earlier, with an industrial contraction driving the steepest slowdown since Q4 FY25, according to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics data. [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Argentina's monthly inflation falls to 1.9% in June 2026, first sub-2% print under Milei</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-cpi-june-jul14</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-cpi-june-jul14</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Argentina's INDEC reported a 1.9% month-on-month consumer price increase in June 2026, down from 2.1% in May and matching market expectations, a milestone in President Javier Milei's shock-therapy stabilisation programme that has cut monthly inflation from over 25% in late 2023 [easing]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Argentina's economy minister says government has secured funds to cover all 2026 and 2027 debt payments</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-debt-financing-jul2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-debt-financing-jul2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Economy Minister Luis Caputo says the Milei government has a financing plan through end-2027 without returning to international bond markets, while keeping that door open if conditions improve [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPEC+ set to approve fifth consecutive output hike for August as oil falls to post-Hormuz lows</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/opec-aug-output-hike-jul2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/opec-aug-output-hike-jul2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Seven core OPEC+ members meet virtually on Sunday July 5 to approve a fifth straight 188,000-barrel-per-day increase for August; Brent crude has fallen to its lowest level since Iran's February closure of the Strait of Hormuz [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>World Bank restores Sri Lanka to upper-middle-income status, three years after its worst economic collapse</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/sri-lanka-world-bank-upgrade-2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/sri-lanka-world-bank-upgrade-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The World Bank's July 1 income reclassification marks Sri Lanka's return from a 2022 default and IMF-rescue to an economy that grew 5% in 2025, with gross reserves at US$7bn [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>China writes off $50 million of Sudan's debt as civil war shrinks economy by 40 percent</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/sudan-china-debt-cancellation-jun29</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/sudan-china-debt-cancellation-jun29</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A protocol signed in Port Sudan on June 28 cancels four interest-free Chinese loans totalling 344.52 million yuan; Beijing's finance minister framed it as proof that China has kept investing in Sudan while Western governments pulled back, and the deal takes effect immediately [stable]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nigeria draws first $1.5bn from $5bn Abu Dhabi swap deal; IMF flags opacity risk</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/nigeria-fab-drawdown-jun30</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/nigeria-fab-drawdown-jun30</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Finance Minister Oyedele confirmed the first tranche of a total-return swap with First Abu Dhabi Bank after the Federal Executive Council meeting; the IMF has warned the structure is hard to monitor and could hide the true scale of public debt [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bolivia ends a 15-year dollar peg as Ministerial Resolution 245 sets a floating boliviano at Bs 9.73 per US dollar</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bolivia-boliviano-float-2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bolivia-boliviano-float-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Bolivia's Ministry of Economy issued Resolution 245 on 26 June 2026, formally ending the Bs 6.96/USD fixed exchange rate in place since 2011 and transitioning to a flexible regime; the Banco Central de Bolivia set an opening rate of Bs 9.73, a roughly 40% devaluation, effective 29 June, as net international reserves held at approximately US$3.1bn and a parallel-market dollar had been trading near Bs 20 [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>La Guaira port operational again; USS Fort Lauderdale delivers earthquake aid as death toll nears 1,720</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-la-guaira-port-operational-jun30</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-la-guaira-port-operational-jun30</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>US Southern Command declared Venezuela's main port open on June 30, six days after twin Mw 7.2 and 7.5 quakes; the USS Fort Lauderdale is now using the berths to deliver heavy supplies, removing the bottleneck that had confined all aid to the damaged Simón Bolívar airport [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Venezuela earthquake death toll reaches 1,943 with airport still closed; La Guaira port reopened for aid</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-quake-toll-1719-jun29</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-quake-toll-1719-jun29</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 26 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The official count rose to 1,943 dead and 10,571 injured by June 30, with 43,000 still missing; Simón Bolívar Airport's primary runway remains closed until at least July 2 while the La Guaira port declared operational and is being used by US and other relief vessels [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Argentina</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentina-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>South America's second-largest economy, Argentina has defaulted on sovereign debt more times than any other G20 member and is now in its 23rd IMF program since the 1950s.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Argentine peso (ARS)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentine-peso-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/argentine-peso-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Argentina's official currency, prone to recurrent devaluation crises, now under a managed crawling-band regime backed by a US$20 billion IMF program launched in April 2025.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Austerity and the Street</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/austerity-and-the-street-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/austerity-and-the-street-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The repeating pattern in which IMF-backed fiscal consolidation and subsidy cuts in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and South Asia trigger street protests that destabilise governments implementing them.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bank of England</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bank-of-england-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bank-of-england-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The UK's central bank, founded 1694 and granted independence in 1997, sets UK interest rates and supervises its financial system, making its rate decisions a global bond-market variable.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bolivia</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bolivia-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bolivia-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Bolivia's natural-gas-funded state model collapsed after 2014, leaving the Andean nation with near-depleted reserves and Latin America's most acute fiscal crisis as of mid-2026.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>German Bunds (Bundesanleihen)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bunds-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/bunds-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Germany's sovereign bonds are the eurozone's risk-free benchmark, pricing every other euro-denominated government bond and transmitting ECB policy across 20 economies.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Central Bank of Brazil (BCB)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/central-bank-brazil-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/central-bank-brazil-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Brazil's autonomous central bank sets the Selic rate and targets 3% inflation; one of the world's highest real rates makes its decisions a bellwether for emerging-market monetary policy.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/central-bank-turkey-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/central-bank-turkey-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Turkey's central bank, established 1930, sets Turkish lira policy rates and manages international reserves, with its independence under President Erdogan a persistent market variable.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>European Central Bank (ECB)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/ecb-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/ecb-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The eurozone's central bank sets interest rates for 350 million people across 20 countries, with a treaty mandate to hold inflation at 2%.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Egypt</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/egypt-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/egypt-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Africa's third-most-populous country and the Arab world's most populous state, Egypt manages US$164 billion in external debt under an IMF program while controlling the Suez Canal and anchoring Gaza diplomacy.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Egyptian pound (EGP)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/egyptian-pound-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/egyptian-pound-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Egypt's pound (EGP) shed more than 70% of its value from 2022 to 2024 through three devaluations before stabilizing near LE 50 per US dollar under IMF supervision.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ethiopia</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/ethiopia-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/ethiopia-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Africa's second-most-populous country defaulted on its Eurobond in 2023 and is now the most closely watched test of the G20 Common Framework for low-income sovereign debt relief.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ghana</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/ghana-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/ghana-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Ghana, a West African republic of 34 million, completed a landmark IMF debt restructuring in May 2026 after defaulting on external debt in December 2022.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UK Gilts</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/gilts-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/gilts-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Sterling-denominated UK government bonds issued by HM Treasury, the mechanism that funds Britain's annual deficit and refinances its nearly £3 trillion debt stock.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kenya</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/kenya-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/kenya-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>East African nation of 56 million at high risk of debt distress, where a Gen Z uprising in 2024 forced Kenya's government to withdraw IMF-linked austerity legislation.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pakistan</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/pakistan-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/pakistan-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A nuclear-armed South Asian republic of 251 million, Pakistan is the pivot between India, China, Afghanistan, and the Gulf, and one of the world's most acutely distressed sovereign-debt cases.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Senegal</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/senegal-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/senegal-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>West African coastal republic regarded as sub-Saharan Africa's most durable democracy, now under fiscal stress from hidden debts and a constitutional power struggle between President Faye and former ally Ousmane Sonko.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sri Lanka</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/sri-lanka-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/sri-lanka-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Sri Lanka defaulted on its sovereign debt in April 2022, its worst post-independence economic crisis, and is now three-quarters through a US$3 billion IMF restructuring.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Swiss National Bank (SNB)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/swiss-national-bank-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/swiss-national-bank-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Switzerland's central bank holds one of the world's largest balance sheets relative to GDP, managing a safe-haven currency whose appreciation it has spent decades fighting.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tunisia</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/tunisia-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/tunisia-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>North African republic whose public debt reached 82% of GDP by 2025 after President Kais Saied rejected IMF conditions, making it a sovereign-debt flashpoint watched across the developing world.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Turkish lira (TRY)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/turkish-lira-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/turkish-lira-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Türkiye's national currency, a barometer of the country's recurring battles between heterodox monetary policy and orthodox stabilization, and a global reference point for emerging-market currency risk.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>US Treasuries</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/us-treasuries-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/us-treasuries-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>US government debt securities issued by the US Department of the Treasury, the world's largest sovereign bond market and the global benchmark for risk-free borrowing costs.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>William Ruto (Kenya)</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/william-ruto-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/william-ruto-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Kenya's fifth president since 2022, facing recurring Gen Z protests over fiscal austerity, an open ICC crimes-against-humanity case, and a debt crisis central to East African politics.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zambia</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/zambia-dossier</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/zambia-dossier</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Landlocked Southern African copper producer that became the G20 Common Framework's first African test case, completing sovereign debt restructuring in 2024 after a 2020 Eurobond default.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>100 USAF airmen begin repairs at Caracas airport; 130 Marines en route to reopen La Guaira port</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-southcom-airfield-jun29</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-southcom-airfield-jun29</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>SOUTHCOM surged a Contingency Response Element to Simón Bolívar International Airport on Sunday to restore airfield operations; 130 Marines are en route to La Guaira, as Venezuela's confirmed death toll reaches 1,450 with more than 68,900 missing [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Venezuela earthquake dead reach 1,943 with La Guaira port operational; USGS models final toll above 100,000</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-quake-toll-589-jun26</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-quake-toll-589-jun26</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Official count stood at 1,943 dead and 10,571 injured as of June 30, with 43,000 still missing; La Guaira port declared operational June 30, removing the aid bottleneck; UNICEF confirmed 680,000 children require assistance [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Trump administration pledges second nine-figure aid package for Venezuela, marking first major US bilateral engagement since Maduro era</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-us-aid-engagement-jun27</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-us-aid-engagement-jun27</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A senior official told reporters a 'nine-figure' package beyond the $150 million already committed will be announced within days; State Dept deployed US Embassy Caracas for coordination; 1,600 rescuers from 17 nations are on the ground [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Senegal's hidden-debt crisis deepens as IMF talks stall and bonds crash</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/senegal-debt-imf</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/senegal-debt-imf</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>With debt near 132% of GDP and ~$13bn in undisclosed borrowing, Dakar resists an IMF-pushed restructuring after PM Sonko's ouster [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Twin earthquakes kill at least 235 in Venezuela; Trump pledges US aid as rescue teams reach La Guaira</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-earthquake-rescue-2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-earthquake-rescue-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A 7.2 foreshock and 7.5 mainshock 39 seconds apart destroyed buildings near La Guaira and Caracas; USGS gives 44% odds the toll exceeds 10,000; confirmed dead rises as teams clear rubble [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Twin earthquakes kill more than 160 in northeastern Venezuela, USGS estimates toll could pass 1,000</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-twin-earthquakes-jun25</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/venezuela-twin-earthquakes-jun25</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A M7.2 at 22:05 UTC and a M7.5 shortly after struck Sucre state; PAGER red alert flags an 87% chance fatalities cross 1,000 [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Italy's deficit hovers near 3%, keeping Meloni under EU watch</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/italy-dfp-2026-deficit-budget-squeeze</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/italy-dfp-2026-deficit-budget-squeeze</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The DFP 2026 cuts growth and dashes hopes of exiting the excessive-deficit procedure early [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>US ends PEPFAR funding to South Africa, exposing 8 million HIV patients to a $400M gap</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/south-africa-pepfar-phaseout</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/south-africa-pepfar-phaseout</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>State Dept confirmed the phased drawdown on June 19; UNAIDS head Byanyima warns of preventable deaths; Pretoria has not received formal notification and is scrambling to find alternatives [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Argentina's peso nears its band ceiling even as the BCRA buys a record in dollars</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/milei-peso-banda-junio-2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/milei-peso-banda-junio-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The float climbs toward the crawling-band top while reserves hit a seven-year high, the tension at the heart of the IMF program [easing]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sharif's Rs18.77tn budget balances IMF discipline against salaried relief</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/pakistan-budget-2026-27-imf</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/pakistan-budget-2026-27-imf</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Aurangzeb cuts salaried tax rates and scraps the surcharge while holding to the $7bn IMF programme's consolidation targets and a 17.6% higher revenue goal [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMF clears Argentina's second review, then orders Milei to keep buying dollars</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/milei-imf-second-review</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/milei-imf-second-review</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The Fund unlocks ~$1bn and praises the disinflation, but pins a reserves floor that critics say could reignite inflation in an election year [easing]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Saudi Arabia posts its largest-ever quarterly deficit on war spending</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/saudi-q1-record-deficit</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/saudi-q1-record-deficit</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A $33.5bn Q1 hole, most of the year's planned shortfall in one quarter, as military outlays jumped and Hormuz throttled oil exports despite high prices [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMF's 2026 Article IV review praises Costa Rica's fiscal path but warns on pension sustainability and US tariff exposure</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/costa-rica-imf-2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/costa-rica-imf-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The IMF's 2026 Article IV mission concluded on 10 March 2026 that Costa Rica's public debt remains on a downward track toward 54% of gross domestic product by 2035, while warning that the national pension fund and health insurer face long-term funding gaps and that export growth concentrated in free-trade-zone multinationals is exposed to US tariff shifts [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Malawi's World Bank monitor warns of fourth straight year of falling income per head as IMF programme collapses and inflation stays above 28%</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/malawi-economic-crisis-2026</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/malawi-economic-crisis-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The February 2026 Malawi Economic Monitor found poverty at 76.6% and GDP per capita declining for a fourth consecutive year; the IMF's Extended Credit Facility programme collapsed in May 2025 and the economy produces only 40,000 formal jobs annually for 270,000 new labour-market entrants [worsening]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Belt and Road runs hottest ever, $213bn in 2025, tilting to energy, mining and tech</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/belt-and-road-2026-state-of-play</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/belt-and-road-2026-state-of-play</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>China's overseas corridor programme posts record deal value as it pivots from megaports to energy, critical minerals and 'small but smart' projects [active]</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nawrocki signs Poland's 2026 budget but sends it to the Constitutional Tribunal</title>
      <link>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/poland-nawrocki-budget-tribunal</link>
      <guid>https://rbtfl.xyz/en/n/poland-nawrocki-budget-tribunal</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>The president can't veto the budget, so he refers it, Tusk says it changes nothing [contested-result]</description>
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