Six metals underpinning semiconductors, defence alloys and autocatalysts where China or Russia controls supply, making export restrictions a primary geopolitical weapon.
A platinum-group metal mined overwhelmingly in South Africa and Russia, supplying diesel autocatalysts, industrial processes, and green-hydrogen electrolysers, with global supply in structural deficit since 2023.
전체 파일 ›Russia's largest mining company and the world's dominant palladium producer, whose Arctic ore bodies and sanctions exposure make it a structural variable in global critical-mineral supply chains.
A platinum-group metal supplying roughly 85% of gasoline-catalytic-converter demand globally; Russia's Nornickel controls 40% of world output, making palladium a geopolitically exposed critical mineral.
EU의 20차 제재 패키지가 수출 경로 하나를 막았지만 Global Witness는 허점을 확인; 2026년 1분기 팔라듐 생산 10-11% 감소; 노르니켈은 샤먼 C&D와 연 200만 톤 구리 정광 합작을 협상 중