总部位于蒙特利尔的国际监管机构，负责制定和执行全球体育反兴奋剂规则，正因中国游泳选手丑闻和美国削减资助威胁而面临成立以来最严峻的公信力考验。

Bidding for the Olympic Games or FIFA World Cup commits host governments to US$5-30 billion in public spending and turns Switzerland-based sports governance into a recurring geopolitical story.

The quadrennial international multi-sport competition governed by the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne, Switzerland, and the world's most-watched global sporting event by athlete count and broadcast reach.

The commercial contracts between brands and sports rights holders, worth US$70 billion-plus annually, split between retreating corporate sponsors and advancing Gulf sovereign funds led by Saudi Arabia.

Corruption across global sport, from FIFA bid-rigging to state-sponsored doping, enabled by an estimated US$1.7 trillion in annual illegal betting controlled by organized crime.

The Olympics and FIFA World Cup commit host governments to US$5-30 billion per cycle, making who gets to bid, and who wins, a recurring geopolitical story.