Six metals underpinning semiconductors, defence alloys and autocatalysts where China or Russia controls supply, making export restrictions a primary geopolitical weapon.
Minor semiconductor metalloid recovered from zinc smelting, essential to fiber optics and infrared military optics; China controls roughly 60% of global refined output and imposed export controls in 2023.
完整档案 ›A byproduct metal China produces at 98% of global supply, gallium is essential for military radar and 5G power chips, making it a lever in US-China export control disputes.
中国国内镓价为246美元/公斤，西方现货价是其九倍。锗的价差为130%。美中贸易休战暂停了针对美国的禁令至2026年11月，但许可证制度依然有效