Seven technologies, from high-pressure acid leaching to battery recycling, determine whether refined critical minerals reach EV batteries and magnets from diversified or concentrated sources.
The industrial step converting rare earth metals into NdFeB permanent magnets for EV motors, wind turbines, and missiles; China controls over 90% of global output.
完整档案 ›The technical effort to replace supply-constrained critical minerals, concentrated in China, with functionally equivalent alternatives in magnets, batteries, and anodes globally.
Niron Magnetics 于 2025 年 9 月在明尼苏达州 Sartell 为无稀土氮化铁磁体工厂破土动工，此前与 Stellantis 达成合作；Ola Electric 在印度认证了铁氧体电动车电机；磷酸铁锂（LFP）化学体系目前占全球电动车电池的 55%