自1979年以来对伊朗实施的美国、联合国与欧盟相互交织的制裁体系，是限制伊朗石油收入、核计划及武器采购的主要机制，塑造着中东地缘政治格局与全球能源市场。

The US-led multilateral sanctions regime targeting Venezuela's government and state oil company PDVSA, now in partial rollback after Maduro's January 2026 capture.