Egypt's president since 2014, el-Sisi governs the Arab world's most populous state through military-rooted authoritarianism, Suez Canal leverage, and consecutive IMF-backed austerity programs.
The Egypt-Ethiopia-Sudan dispute over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has no binding operating rules, and Egypt, with 105 million people, sources 97% of its water from the Nile.
full dossier ›Africa's third-most-populous country and the Arab world's most populous state, Egypt manages US$164 billion in external debt under an IMF program while controlling the Suez Canal and anchoring Gaza diplomacy.
With the dam inaugurated and the reservoir near 24 billion cubic metres, Cairo says the unilateral June filling threatens its water security as the Blue Nile drops