Hungary began shutting down Unit 3 at the Paks Nuclear Power Plant on July 29 after the Danube fell to record-low water levels, cutting the plant's output to about 60 percent of capacity; the government said even a complete Paks shutdown would not endanger household electricity supply, but began compiling a list of industrial consumers whose power and water use could be restricted; Romania's Cernavoda nuclear plant also took a reactor offline; EU Copernicus satellite images showed the Danube's water level visually narrowed from the same period a year before

A Ukrainian drone struck a service car near Enerhodar on July 15, killing Oleksandr Yakovlev, chief engineer of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, and his driver; IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi condemned the attack as an 'unacceptable' threat to nuclear safety, while Russia's Rosatom called it a deliberate act of terrorism and urged IAEA action

Five entities spanning Kazakhstan's uranium mines, Russia's enrichment cascades, and next-generation reactor designs determine nuclear energy security, commodity prices, and proliferation risk.

The process that raises uranium's fissile U-235 concentration for reactor fuel or weapons, a dual-use chokepoint central to the Iran nuclear standoff and Russia-West fuel decoupling.

Nuclear reactors up to 300 MWe per module, factory-built for speed; the United States, United Kingdom, and China are racing to commercial operation as AI data centres create demand.

Uranium is the raw fuel of every commercial nuclear reactor, with Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia controlling supply chains that underpin civil energy and proliferation risk worldwide.

Akkuyu, Rooppur and two Chinese units are slated to come online, defending a $206bn order book as Western financing and equipment routes close