Seven technologies, from high-pressure acid leaching to battery recycling, determine whether refined critical minerals reach EV batteries and magnets from diversified or concentrated sources.
The only commercial route from low-grade Indonesian laterite ore to battery-grade nickel, now structurally exposed by sulphuric acid import dependency and Jakarta's supply controls.
full dossier ›Indonesia holds 42% of global nickel reserves and produces roughly 60% of world supply, giving Jakarta decisive leverage over the EV battery supply chain.
Hard-to-substitute transition metal driving EV batteries and stainless steel, with Indonesia controlling 60% of world mine supply and giving Jakarta decisive leverage over global manufacturing costs.
With RKAB approvals maxed out, the mid-year supplementary round becomes the whole market