The EU's global navigation satellite system, built for European autonomy from US GPS, now the world's most accurate civilian GNSS and a pillar of European strategic independence.
China's state-owned global satellite navigation system, now embedded in over 2 billion devices and challenging US GPS dominance in positioning, timing, and strategic influence.
full dossier ›Four global satellite constellations compete to position phones, ships, and weapons, while jamming and spoofing have made signal integrity a front-line security question.
EU starts Galileo Gen-2 launches; China consolidates BeiDou to 37 satellites and eyes global adoption