Dysprosium

China's April 2025 export controls on seven heavy REEs drove a scarcity premium that sent NdPr from $53/kg in January to $137/kg at end-April, with European ex-China prices reaching six times Chinese domestic levels

Australia's first integrated rare earths refinery is on schedule for commissioning in 2027 with committed NdPr and heavy rare earth offtake; the White Mesa Mill in Utah is the only facility outside China that can separate terbium and dysprosium at commercial scale

CEO Amanda Lacaze says Seadrift construction may not proceed without DoD offtake; Kuantan plant secured a 10-year licence but must eliminate radioactive waste by 2031; Malaysian DoE blocked the planned capacity expansion

The European Commission published its second CRMA Strategic Projects selection in March 2026, bringing the total to 94 projects; member states must issue permits within 24 months; the CRMA sets 2030 supply benchmarks requiring 10% domestic extraction and 40% EU processing

The DoD's $110/kg NdPr floor with MP Materials became a template; Washington negotiated allied floors with Mexico, the EU and Japan by February 2026; the One Big Beautiful Bill's Section 20004 appropriated $2bn for a Strategic Resilience Reserve; the G7 Évian declaration committed $64bn across 195 projects

A January 2026 MOFCOM ban on dual-use exports for military end-users in Japan broadened into de-facto supply disruption; Japan's dependence on Chinese rare earths has fallen to 60-70% but the shock hit auto and defence sectors